Oil buhner construction



June 8, 1943. R, SABINS Re. 22,332

*- oIL BURNER CONSTRUCTION Original Filed Feb. `15. 1939 2 Sheets--Sheet l INVENTOR.

R. c. sABlNs O I'L BURNER CONSTRUCTION 4 ,9 .1 e m J originl Filed Fep. 15. 193s sheets-snaai Hl HHM:

W@ m NIU IWKMA .HW @i fz. B a u QM @Fw am Ressued `June 8, 1943 OIL BURNER CONSTRUCTION Rolland C. Sabinsf'Seattle,

Oil Devices, Santa Fe, N. Mex.,

nership of Iliinois Wash., assignor to a limited part- ()riginal No. 2,240,861, dated May 6, 1941, Serial 15, 1939. Application for Serial No. 441,880

No. 258,449, February reissue May 5, 1942,

Claims.

This invention relates to a new and improved oil burner and more particularly to a pot type oi.'

burner especially adapted for use in connectionwith space heating stoves.

Pot type burners in general use comprise pot structures with vertical walls having series of openings therein located at varying distances from the pot bottom. These furnish primary and secondary air for the combustion of the oil which is supplied direct to the bottom of the pot. The oil is vaporized or gasifled by heat passing downwardly from the plane which is located directly above the oil. The bottom of the pot is normally in contact with the air which cools it and reduces the efficiency of the generation ot the gases and vapors for` combustion, causing accumulations of carbon and gums.

In my improved type of burner I provide an oil manifold or oil receiving element or ring located above the pot bottom, the manifold being heated by primary combustion vbelow it and beside it for the generation of the gases and vapors for combustion. Y

It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved pot type burner.

It is a further object to provide a construction of this character in which an oil chamber for generating oil vapors is located between the primary air inlets and secondary air inlets.

A further object is to provide a pot type burner in which the fuel for the pilot flame is introduced `at a lower level than the fuel for the high re stage.

It is also an object to provide a burner in which the oil vapors are generated by combustion laterally and below the oil chamber or manifold.

It is an additional object to provide a construction in which a starting flame may be locatedadjacent and below the oil manifold or oil receiving element or ring, said name burning `:ontinuously as a pilot name ii desired.

It is a further object to provide means independent oi the normal flow for quickly supplying` oil for starting the burner. I

f Other and further objects will appear as the description proceeds.

I- have shown certain preferred embodiments of my invention in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical section of a space heater incorporating my improved pot type burner;

Figure 2 is a vertical section of the burner on an enlarged scale;

Figure 3 is a cross-section taken on line 3-3 of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a fragmentary section illustrating a modified formv of construction;

Figure 5 'is a view similar to Figure 4 showing a further modification; and

Figure 6 is a fragmentary cross-section showing a. pilot light construction.

Referring first to Figure 1, the pot type burner I I is supported on-the'partition I2 in the heating drum I3. The bottom I4 of the drum is provided with air inlet openings I5 and the rear wall of the drum is provided with the outlet opening I6 for the products of combustion. This outlet I3 discharges into the draft control chamber I1 which contains the bafiie wall I3 and discharges through passage I9 to any suitable flue. The draft control chamber Il also has the damper 2li iitted with the adjustable weight 2|, secured in its rear wall behind the baille wall I8.

The heating drum I3 is supported on the base 22 having the air inlet openings 23 therein. The shell or housing 24 is supported on the base 22 and encloses the drum I3. The. lower portion of the shell 24 has the air inlet openings 25 formed therein and its upper portion is provided with the air outlet openings 26. The shell is tted with a separate top or cover 21 which is imperiorate with the exception of narrow slots 23 along its downturned edge. These slots serve for the discharge of humidied hot air which has passed over water in the pan 23.

The intermediate division wall .30 is located between the shell 24 and the drum I3 and extends from the base of the drum upwardly about half of its height. The lower portion 3| of this wall is turned outwardly to meet the lower portion of the shell so that air passes from the base openings 23 up between the drum I3 and wall 30 while additional air from the lower shell openings 25 passes up between the shell 24 and wall 30. The air mixes above the wall 30 and discharges from the lateral openings 26 and 28 at the top ofthe heater. l

The drum I3 is provided with a door 32 opposite a door 33 on the shell 24. These doors are used to light the burner or to inspect or clean it.

The fuel supply tank 34 is mounted at the rear of the heater and has the oil feed pipe 33, controlled by valve 36, discharging into the fuel ring 31 in the burner. The tank 34 contains the lift pump 38 having the knob 39 connected to rod 43 for actuating the plunger 4I to force oil into the oil pipe 42. This oil pipe 42 discharges into the burner II adjacent the bottom 43 and is used to placeoil in the burner for igniting the burner.

The burner construction is shown more in detail in Figures 2 and 3. 'I'he oil manifold is a ring of lesser diameter than the interior oi' the pot and is located eccentrically therein, engaging the pot wall at the point where pipe 35 passes through the wall. 'I'he ring 31 may be brazed, welded or otherwise secured in place. 'Ihe ring 31 is shown as generally U-shaped in cross-section with an inner leg or wall 44 which extends upwardly abovethe outer'wall 45. A cover ring 46 may rest on the wall 44 and has an eccentrlcally located circular opening 41 in registration with the opening in the ring. As shown, the opening 41 may be made slightly smaller than the opening in the ring, this being solely for the purpose of insuring, with commercial tolerances of manufacture, that the cover ring effectively covers the channel in the oil ring 31. Due to the eccentric location of the opening 41 it is essential that the cover 46 be turned circumferentially to the correct position when it is inserted and to insure this the cover is provided with the notch 48 coating with the inwardly projecting seam 49 on the pot wall. The outer edge of the cover 46 is formed to make a relatively close t with the inner faceA of the pot wall.

'I'he lower portion of the pot wall, below the oil manifold 3,1, is provided with a series of openings 58 which serve for the introduction of primary air for combustion. The upper cylindrical portion of the pot has formed therein the series of openings which serve for the introduction of primary or secondary air for combustion. The outwardly extending wall portion 52 of the pot has the additional perforations 53 which serve for the admission of secondary air. It will be understood that at the pilot stage, as when the structure of Fig. 6 is employed, the apertures 50 serve as the source of primary air, while the apertures 5I may provide secondary air for the pilot stage. However, at the high nre stage the apertures 5I, or some of them, may be employed to provide primary air for a mixture which is completed by secondary air iiowing in through the upper apertures, for example through the apertures 53. It will be understood in general that the lower apertures in all of the forms of the pot herein shown supply primary air for all stages of combustion, while, as the level of combustion is raised, some of the intermediate apertures in the various alternative pots shown may provide primary air for a mixture which is burned upon receiving secondary air through apertures located at the higher levels of the pot.

The baille wall 54 is seated on the ledge 55 and is provided with the inner upwardly ilaring portion 56. This portion has the Vinwardly and downwardly directed perforations through'it. It is to be noted that these perforations 51 do not communicate with the outer air but merely with the air and gases within the cover portion 58 of the burner. This cover rests on the edge of the member 54 on the ledge 55 and is provided with the central opening 59 from which the products of combustion pass into the drum I3.

A modiiied form of construction is shown in Figure 4. Here the pot 6l is provided with the primary air openings 82 a'nd the secondary air openings 63. The horizontal portion 64 is imperforate but the vertical portion B5 has the` additional secondary air openings 66. Therefore this upper portion of the secondary air is directed horizontally inwardly in this form of 51 extending' construction instead of being directed upwardly as in the construction of Figure i.

A further modiilcation is shown in Figure 5 in '4 and 5. Such a ring may be used or it may be omitted in some cases withv all types of pot cun struction shown.

In Figure 6 4I have shown a construction provided with a pilot light which may burn continuously with a small iame to maintain Athe portion of the generating well adjacent the main oil inlet at a generating temperature.v In the drawing the pot is provided with the generating ring 8| having the cover 82 and the main oil feed pipe=83` The pot 88 has the usual primary air openings formed therein. The pot bottom is provided with the upwardly extendingv portion 35 formed in the bottom immediately below that portion of the ring 8| adjacent the connection of the oil inlet line 83 thereto. The pilot burner housing 86 is iitted in this portion 85, the housing having the air inlet opening 81 formed therein. The oil feed pipe 88 is connected to the housing 8B and this pipe is connected to the device 88 which may be of any usual construction for maintaining a constant level of oil at the wick 80 of the pilot burner. The oil will be fed by capillary attraction through the wick.

In the use of my improved burner as shown in Figures 1 and 2, in order `to startV it in operation a small quantityof oil is delivered to the bottom 43 of the pot by pulling up on the knob 39 of the pump 38. This pump lifts the oil and it then passes by gravity through pipe 42 to the pot bottom 43. At the same time the valve 3 6 is opened to any desired degree, depending on the amount of heat, and therefore the size of flame, desired. The valve 36 then permits a regulated quantity of oil to ow through pipe 35 into the ring 31 which serves as an oil manifold. The

used, the burner is started by lighting the' pilotV light which heats the generating ring sufficiently to generate gaseous fuel for starting purposes. The flame of the pilot light also ignites the main flame. The pilot light uses only a small quanmerely by turning desired degree. This main supply may be manually controlled or may be thermostatically controlled by any of the usual devices available for that purpose.V Y

As the oil is vaporized, additional oil is progressively fed into the manifold through the pipe 35. The partially burned oil vapors which are highly heated by the partial combustion, rise above the top 46 of the manifold through opening 41 and there meet the secondary air entering through the perforations l. If the air coming through perforations 5I is not adequate to complete combustion on high settings'of the fuel-valve 36, the additional air which enters through perforations 53 will serve to burn any remaining vapors. l,In that case the lower perforations 5| are acting as primary inlets at the higher settings of the fuel valve.

The ring or baille 54 serves to control the flame and maintain it located centrally of the pot. The openings 51 in this ring do not admit ad-y ditional air but permit a recirculation of heated vapors which pass above the ring and this construction has been found to aid in the maintenance of a uniform flame and heating effect.

In the form of construction of Figure 4the method of operation is the same, the onlyidifference being that the upper portion of the secondary air is directed horizontally inwardly rather than vertically, as is the case with the form of construction of Figure 2. In the form of construction shown in Figure 5, the secondary air is introducedin larger quantities at a. lower level.

An important feature of the generating well construction as shown is that the well has no direct contact with the cooler air about terior of the burner, as is the case with pot types of burner where the liquid fuel is vaporized upon the bottom of the burner itself. ,The-

present construction, therefore, maintains generating temperature on very low oil setting, since loss of heat at this point is minimized.

Another feature of the oil manifold is that the inner wall of the manifold serves to dene a relatively small combustion space which serves for properly burning the oil when it is supplied in small quantities at low settings of the valve 36. 0n increased oil settings complete combustion requires varying amounts of secondary air which is supplied in the upper cylindricalvpo'rtion of the pot and the height of the flame will depend upon the quantity of oil fed into the burner. The method of providing oil for starting the burner permits the burner virtually to be lighted instantly when desired. In usual types of burners where this oil must be fed in past the control valve, it is found necessary to wait an appreciable period before the flow furnishes an adequate pool of oil for starting purposes.

I have found that directing the upper portion of the secondary air vertically through the openings 53 in the form of construction shown in Figure 2, affords very effective combustion where this air is required upon high settings of the oil feed valve. I have found, however, that this upper secondary air may be directed horizontally as shown in Figure 4 and an eihcent combustion can be obtained. While the baille 54 has been found to give a somewhat better iire pattern on medium settings of the oil supply valve,

, nevertheless the other features of the design are such that adequate combustion can be secured without the use of this baille.

A further feature of the type of generating manifold shown is that the oil being vaporized is shielded from any direct contact with the flames, such as takes place in the ordinary type of burner`- 4where the oil is vaporized upon the bottom of the the flame results in 75 pot. This shielding from the exelimination of' gum accumulations which take place in a burner of the conventional type. The cover 46 of the manifold is readily removed, if desired, for inspection or cleaning of the manifold, although it has proven in practice that even with heavy oils the gasification is such as to leave substantially no residue in the manifold. l

While I have shown certain preferred embodiments of my invention, these are to be understood as illustrative only, as the construction may be varied to meet differing conditions and requirements and I contemplate such modications as come within. the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

I claim: I

1. In a pot type burner, a pot, the pot wall having primary air openings adjacent the bottom, a ring shaped generator located in the pot above the primary openings, the outer wall of the ring having its major portion spaced from the pot Wall, a cover for the ring spaced from the upper edge of the outer wall of the ring, the pot wall having secondary air openings therein above the ring, and means for supplying oil to the ring.

2. In a pot type burner, a pot, the pot wall havingvprimary air openings adjacent the bottom, a ring shaped generator located in the pot above the primary openings, the outer wall of the ring having its major portion spaced from the pot wall, a ring shaped cover for the ring spaced from the upper edge of the outer wall of the ring and closely fitting the inner wall of the ring, the pot wall having secondary air openings therein above the ring, and means for supplying oil to the ring.

3. In a pot typeV burner, a pot, the pot wall having primary air openings adjacent the bottom, a ring shaped generator located in the pot above the primary openings, the outer wall of the ring having its major portion spaced from the pot wall, a ring shaped cover for the ring spaced from the upper edge of the outer wall of the ring and closely fitting the inner wall of the ring, the cover having an inner opening of approximately the same size as the central opening in the ring,

the pot wall havingf secondary air openings therein above the ring, and means for supplying oil to the ring.

4. In a pot type burner, a pot having a lower cylindrical wall portion with primary air openings formed therein adjacent the bottom, the wall having secondary air openings therein at a higher level, an oil vaporizing chamber located within the pot intermediate the primary and secondary air openings, an inwardly directed ring shaped baille wall above the secondary openings,

and 'an upwardly and inwardly extending upper pot portion above the baille wall.

5'. In. a pot type burner, a pot having a lower cylindrical wall portion with primary air openings formed therein adjacent the bottom, the wall having secondary air openings therein at a higher level, a vapor generating chamber located within the pot intermediate the primary and secondary air openings, an inwardly directed ring shaped baille Wall above the secondary openings, perforations in said baffle wall, and an upwardly and inwardly extending imperforate upper pot portion above the baille wall.

6. In a pot type burner, a pot having a lower cylindrical wall portion with primary air openings formed therein adjacent the4 bottom, the wall having secondary air openings therein at a higher level, an oil vaporizing chamber located within ing upwardly directed Vimperforate d rect communication the pot intermediate the primary and secondary air openings, said chamber opening toward the cylindrical wall, an outwardly extending wall upon the upper portion of the pot. said wall havsecondary air openings therein, and an upwardly and inwardly extending pot top section with a central opening therein.

7. Inka pot type burner, a pot having a lower cylindrical wall portion with primary air openings formed therein adjacent the bottom. the wall having secondary air openings therein at a. higher level, an oil vaporizing chamber located within,

the. pot intermediate the primary and secondary air openings, said chamber opening toward the cylindrical wall, an outwardly 4offset wall section uponfsaid pot above the secondary air openings, additional secondary air openings in said onset wall section, and an upwardly and inwardly ex tending pot top section above the offset wall section, said top section having a central opening therein.

8. In a pot type burnerl a' pot having a lower` cylindrical wall portion with primary air openings formed therein adjacent the bottom, the wall having secondary air openings therein at a higher level, an oil vaporizing chamber located within the pot intermediate the primary and -secondary air openings, said chamber opening toward the cylindrical wall, an outwardly oilset wall section upon said pot above the secondary air openings. additional secondary air openings in said offset wall section, a ring shaped baille wall extending inwardly above said offset wall section, and an upwardly and inwardly extending pot top section above the baille wall. said top section having a central opening therein.

9. In a pot type burner, a burner pot, said pot having a circumferential side Wall having a plurality of air inlet apertures located at various levels in the said wall, said pot having an open top and a closed bottom, a flame ring having a central flame aperture located adjacent the top of the pot, means for delivering a liquid fuel directly to the bottom` of the pot, a liquid fuel vaporizing element located within the pot and intermediate the top and bottom thereof, and additional means for deli-vering a liquid fuel top: and a closed bottom and a circumferential side wall in which are located at various levels a plurality of air inlet apertures, an open topped fuel vaporizing element located withi-n the pot, at a level above the lowest and below the highest of said air inlet apertures in the pot wall, and entirely surrounded by said circumferential side wall, means, for delivering liquid i'uel to the vaporlzing element and means for delivering an additional supply of liquid fuel to the interior of the pot at a level below said vaporizing element.

12. In a pot type burner, a pot having an open top and a closed bottom and a circumferential side wall in which are located at various levels a plurality of air inlet apertures, an open topped fuelV vaporizing element located withinv the pot,

` at alevel above the lowest and below the highest thereto, said element having closed bottom and side Walls and an open top, in direct communication with the interior of the pot, said vaporizing element being in the form of an annulus located within the pot.

10. In 'a pot type burner, a burner pot, said pot having a circumferential side wall having a plurality of air inlet apertures located at various levels in the said wall, said pot-having an open top and a closed bottom, `a flame ring having a central flame aperture located adjacent the top of the pot, means for delivering a liquid fuel directly to the bottom of the pot, a liquid fuel vapcra'ng element located within the pot and intermedate the top and bottom thereof, and additional means icr delivering a liquid fuel thereto, said element having closed bottom and side walis and an open top, said open top being in with the interior of the pot, said vaporizing element being in the form cf an annulus located Within'the pot, the outer edge of the annulus being spaced inwardly from the opposed wall of the pot. i

11. In a pot type burner, a pot having an open said .open top being of said air inlet apertures in the pot wall, and entirely surrounded by said circumferential side wall, means for delivering liquid fuel to the vaporizing element and means for delivering an additional supply of liquid fuel to the interior of the pot at a level below said vaporizing element, said fuel vaporizing element being in the form of a ring located within said pot. A

13. In a pot type burner, a pot having an open top and a closed bottom and a circumferentialv side wall in which are located at various levels plurality of air inlet apertures, an open topped fuel vaporizing element located Within the pot, at a level abovethe lowest and below the highest of said air inlet apertures in the pot wall, and entirely surrounded by said circumferential side wall, means for delivering liquid fuel to the vaporizing element and means for delivering an additional supply of liquid fuel to the interior of the pot at a level below said vaporizing element, said fuel vaporizing element being i-n the form of a ring located within said pot, the outer edge of said vaporizing element being spaced inwardly from the side wall of the pot.

14. In a pot type burner, a pot having an open top and a closed bottom and a circumferential side wall in which primary located at a plurality of levels, an annular-vacentral aperture axially center of the closed bottom of ROLLAND C. SABIN S. 

